Chapter 17 Study guide

1. Frederick Douglass urged President Lincoln to emancipate, or free, enslaved Americans.

2. Lincoln did not believe he had the power under the Constitution to abolish slavery where it already existed.

3. Lincoln said "If could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it,"

4. In 1863, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which helped to change the war’s course.

5. The Emancipation Proclamation, which freed all slaves in Confederate territory.

6. Because freeing Southern slaves weakened the Confederacy, the proclamation could be seen as a military action.

7. Abolitionists were thrilled that Lincoln had finally issued the Emancipation Proclamation.

8. Other people in the North, especially Democrats, were angered by the president's decision.

9. White Southerners reacted to the proclamation with rage.

10. The Emancipation Proclamation declared that African-American men willing to fight "will be received into the armed service of the United States."

11. The 54th Massachusetts earned its greatest fame in July 1863, when it led a heroic attack on Fort Wagner in South Carolina.

12. In the spring of 1863, riots like the one in Richmond broke out in a number of Southern towns.

13. By the end of the year, the Confederate army had lost nearly 40 percent of its men.

14. Lincoln's main opponents were the Copperheads, Northern Democrats who favored peace with the South.

15. The Confederates had been drafting soldiers since the spring of 1862.

16. In the North anger over the draft and simmering racial tensions led to the New York City draft riots.

17. During the War food shortages were very common in the South.

18. Overall, war production boosted Northern industry and fueled the economy.

19. Clara Barton organized a relief agency to help with the war and founded the American Red Cross.

20. Women also played a key role as spies in both the North and the South.

21. At prison camps in both the North and the South, prisoners of war faced terrible conditions.

22. In September 1862, General McClellan stopped General Lee's Northern attack at the Battle of Antietam.

23. President Lincoln, who was frustrated by McClellan, replaced him with Ambrose Burnside.

24. Lincoln replaced Burnside with General Joseph Hooker.

25. Confederate General "Stonewall" Jackson returned from a patrol and was accidentally shot by one of his own guards.

26. The turning point of the battle of Gettysburg was when Lee ordered General George Pickett to mount a direct attack on the middle of the Union line.

27. On November 19, 1863, President Lincoln spoke at the dedication of a cemetery in Gettysburg for the 3,500 soldiers buried there.

28. Lincoln declared that the nation was founded on "the proposition that all men are created equal"

29. General Ulysses S. Grant had defeated Confederate troops at the Siege of Vicksburg.

30. General William Tecumseh Sherman pushed through the Deep South to Atlanta and the Atlantic coast.

31. On April 9, 1865, Lee and Grant met in the small Virginia town of Appomattox Court House to arrange the surrender.

32. Montgomery Meigs chose Robert E. Lee's plantation in Arlington, Virginia, for a cemetery.

33. Many Northerners harbored bitter feelings toward the South.

34. At the same time, many Southerners felt great resentment toward the North.

35. The Civil War was the deadliest war in American history.

36. Many African Americans in the Border States were still enslaved. In 1864,

37. The Thirteenth Amendment ended all Slavery in the United States.

38. Lincoln did not live to see the end of slavery.

39. John Wilkes Booth, crept into the balcony where the president sat and shot him in the back of the head.

40. In fighting to defend the Union, people came to see the United States as a single nation rather than a collection of states.

41. For the South, the war brought economic disaster.

42. Be able to name the first 18 presidents of the United States in order.